ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF KOPASANDA LEAVES (Chromolaena odorata L.) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Kopasanda leaves (Chromolaena odorata L.) contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which
have potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of n-hexane,
ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions of the ethanolic extract of kopasanda leaves against Staphylococcus
aureus, as well as to determine the most active fraction, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, and Minimum
Bactericidal Concentration. Extraction was performed using the maceration method with 70% ethanol,
followed by fractionation using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Antibacterial activity was evaluated
using the disk diffusion method at concentrations of 20, 10, and 5% to determine the most active fraction,
followed by the dilution method at concentrations of 50; 25; 12.5; 6.25; 3.12; 1.56; 0.78; and 0.39% to
determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration. Diffusion
test results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance to determine differences in
inhibition zones among fractions. Thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that the extract and all
fractions contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, except for the aqueous fraction, which only showed
the presence of saponins. The ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, with an inhibition zone diameter
of 26.36 mm at a concentration of 20%. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration could not be determined
due to the dark color of the fraction, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of the ethyl acetate
fraction against Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5%.